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    Below is a list of all the datasets included in this ortext. When you are browsing a specific section, the data link in the navigation bar will take you to statistics and datasets in that section.

    Eastern State Penitentiary Costs, 1821 to 1844

    Construction and operating cost of the Eastern State Penitentiary near Philadelphia, which pioneered the separate system of suppressing prisoners' communication. Cost per cell compared to other early U.S. prisons.
    Dataset id: eastern-state-penitentiary-costs

    Prisoner Communication Policies in Mid-19th-Century U.S.

    Communications policies in individual U.S. state prisons and some local houses of correction and workshops about 1870. Communication policies in five New York county prisons in 1854.
    Dataset id: prisoner-communication-mid-19th-century

    Spectator Business at Early 19th-Century U.S. Prisons

    Spectator counts and spectator revenue for U.S. state prisons in the 1840s, with time series 1820 to 1862 for Auburn State Prison, New York; and 1829 to 1902 for Eastern State Penitentiary, Pennsylvania.
    Dataset id: prisoners-spectators

    Prisoner Deaths in U.S. State Prisons, 1820 to 1843

    Prisoner deaths, prison populations, and death rates yearly for a cross-section of U.S. state prisons, 1820 to 1843. Some data on race and sex. Comparison to over-all U.S. population.
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-population-deaths-1820-43

    Parole Difficulties Related to Prisoners’ Communication

    Cross-tabulation of parole difficulties and prisoners' communication with family and friends (written correspondence and visits) for prisoners in the California Dept. Corrections about 1970.
    Dataset id: parole-prisoners-communication

    John Howard’s First Visits to County Jails

    Prison name, county, date of visit, and debtors and felons present according to John Howard's prison visits prior to his first testimony to House of Commons, March 4, 1774, as well as Howard's first visits to prisons in other English counties.
    Dataset id: howard-prison-visits

    Prisoners Per Cell in U.S. State Prisons, 1868-1873

    Number of cells and average number of prisoners for individual U.S. state prisons (and some large houses of correction and workhouses) in 1868 and 1873. Calculated prisoners per cell.
    Dataset id: state-prisons-cells-prisoners-1868-1873

    Visits to Prisoners in Eastern State Penitentiary, 1846-1903

    Visits per year and per prisoner by members of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons, 1846-1903, with some per visitor data. Visits to prisoners by moral instructor employed by Eastern State Penitentiary.
    Dataset id: eastern-state-official-visitors

    Prisoner Communication Policies Early in the 20th Century

    Communication policies for prisoners (visiting prisoners and prisoners writing and receiving letters) in U.S. states prisons and in some other countries' prisons in 1902 and 1912.
    Dataset id: prisoner-communication-early-20th-century

    Criminal Justice Within the U.S. Federal Jurisdiction

    Sex ratios of persons arrested, committed to prison, and in prison within the U.S. federal criminal justice system from 1998 to 2011. Data on suspects and cases closed by offense, but not by sex.
    Dataset id: criminal-justice-us-federal

    Punishment Prevalence Yearly by Sex in England and Wales from 1715

    Prisoners, banishments (transportation), and executions yearly by sex in England & Wales from 1715, aggregated to punishment per 100,000 of population (punishment prevalence), with sex ratio of punishment and punishment distribution (% absent from execution, % absent from being transported, and % absent from being in prison).
    Dataset id: punishment-england-wales-long-run

    Punishment Sentences by Sex at Old Bailey, 1674-1913

    Punishment sentences by category and subcategory, yearly by sex, for cases in the Old Bailey court, London, from 1674-1913. Counts are of persons sentenced to specified punishments.
    Dataset id: punishment-england-wales-old-bailey

    Executions by Year and Sex about London Before 1840

    Persons executed under death penalty, by year and by sex in London area (London and Middlesex). Includes data on sentences, reprieves, and execution type (hanging and burning).
    Dataset id: executions-england-wales-london-pre-1840

    British Convicts Transported to Australia, Annually by Sex, 1787-1867

    British convicts transported to Australia, annually by sex, 1787-1867. Roster of transportation voyages, including ship name, ship characteristics, departure and arrival dates, departure place, destination, embarked convicts, and landed convicts. With data on transported convicts ages and length of transportation sentences.
    Dataset id: transported-uk-australia

    Prisoners in England and Wales from 1670: Long-run Trends

    Long-run data on prisoner counts by sex. Prisoners distinguished as debtors and criminals, prisoners held in local prisons and convict prisons, including hulks. Yearly data on prison commitments by sex, 1905-1892.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-long-run

    Estimates of Debtor-Prisoners in England Before 1775

    Contemporary claims before 1775 about the number of prisoners for debt, ranging from 5,000 to over 100,000. Daniel Defoe's figures for debtor prisoners about 1709. Debtors counts by prison, 1691 and 1779.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-debtors-pre-1775

    Prisoners in England and Wales about 1780

    Prisoner statistics from John Howard's prison inspections, 1776-1788, including prisoner counts for individual prisons in 1779.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1780

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1800

    Total prisoners by sex and by debtor / non-debtor, roughly estimated using commitment trends, hulk statistics, and prisoner totals for 1810.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1800

    Imprisoned Debtors in England about 1800

    Prison populations of debtor-prisoners, commitments, sex ratio of imprisoned debtors, familial relations of imprisoned debtors, and the legal process of debtor incarceration.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-debtors-1800

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1810

    Prisoners totals by individual prisons, by sex and debtors, felons, and petty offenders, with prisoners in hulks and in military prisons, from James Neild's State of the Prisons (1812).
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1810

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1820

    Prisoner for individual prisons from prison inspectors' Gaol Returns for 1820. Estimated total prisoners, accounting for misreporting of commitments as prisoners in prison.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1820

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1823

    Gaol Returns for England and Wales1823, showing debtors, misdemeanors, and felons by sex, capacity in separate cells and total, commitments, and greatest number held. With calculated summary statistics.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1823

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1830

    Debtors, criminals, and prisoners in hulks by sex for individual prisons in England & Wales in 1830. Commitments, untried prisoners, greatest number of prisoners at one time. From prison inspectors reports.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1830

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1836

    Prisoners counts for individual prisons in England and Wales in 1836. For each prison, county, place, institution type, in custody by sex, and received (commitments) by sex. Estimated total for England and Wales.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1836

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1838

    Average number of prisoners in 1838, by sex for individual prisons, with estimated total for England and Wales. From prison inspector reports.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1838

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1840

    Average number of prisoners by sex, greatest number of prisoners by sex, for individual prisons in England and Wales in 1840, with estimated prisoners totals for England and Wales. From prison inspectors' reports.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1840

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1850

    Average number of prisoners by sex for individual prisons in 1850, with estimated totals for England and Wales. From prison inspectors' reports.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1850

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1864

    Male and female prisoner counts for individual prisons in 1864, with estimate total prisoners by sex for England and Wales. From prisoner inspectors' reports.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1864

    Prisoners in England and Wales in 1892

    Average daily number of prisoners in England and Wales in 1892 by sex, with subtotals by county. From prison inspectors' report.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-1892

    Prisoners in England and Wales by County, 1780-1850

    Prisoners in custody summed from individual prison reports of prisoner inspectors to county-level totals, by decade, excluding 1790 and 1800. Totals exclude prisoners held in hulks. Matching prisons across years in prison inspectors' reports is difficult because of vague and inconsistent prison descriptions.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-counties-1780-1850

    Prisoners Held on Hulks in England, 1777 to 1856

    Yearly figures for convict prisoners held on hulks, 1777-1856, with ship-specific data by year compared for Campbell (2001) and original hulk inspector reports.
    Dataset id: prisoners-england-wales-hulks

    Population of England & Wales, 1715-2010

    Yearly population figures, 1715-2010; population by sex for census years, 1801 to 1981; population by counties, 1771-1841; population by age, sex, and marital status in 1911, and other population statistics.
    Dataset id: population-england-wales

    Punishment Prevalence Yearly by Sex in Scotland from 1800

    Prisoners, banishments (transportation), and executions yearly by sex in Scotland from 1800, aggregated to punishment per 100,000 of population punishment prevalence), with sex ratio of punishment and punishment distribution (% absent from execution, % absent from being transported, and % absent from being in prison).
    Dataset id: punishment-scotland-long-run

    Executions Yearly by Sex in Scotland from 1800

    Total number of persons executed in Scotland, by year and sex, from 1800. Characteristics of individual executions, including sex, age, crime, and place of execution
    Dataset id: executions-scotland-from-1800

    Prisoners in Scotland Yearly by Sex Since 1840

    Average daily prisoners in Scotland from 1840, yearly by sex. Scottish male convicts, including those in penal servitude in England, yearly 1855-1892. Prison commitments yearly by sex.
    Dataset id: prisoners-scotland-from-1840

    Prisoners in Scotland in 1820

    Prisoner commitments, greatest number, debtors, male criminal prisoners, female criminal prisoners, for individual prisons by county and place in Scotland in 1820.
    Dataset id: prisoners-scotland-1820

    Punishment Prevalence Yearly by Sex in the U.S. from 1850

    Prisoners and executions yearly by sex in the United States from 1850, aggregated to punishment per 100,000 of population (punishment prevalence), with sex ratio of punishment and punishment distribution (% absent from execution and % absent from being in prison).
    Dataset id: punishment-us

    Executions Yearly by Sex in America from 1608

    Executions yearly by sex in the North American colonies and the United States from 1608 to 2010. Includes individual case data and comparison of yearly totals from official and scholarly sources.
    Dataset id: executions-us

    Lynchings Yearly by Sex in the U.S. from 1882

    Extrajudicial mob executions (lynchings) of persons, counted by sex and by year of lynching, in US from 1882. Subset of individual lynching instances, with state, date, county, victim race, victim name, mob race, and offense.
    Dataset id: executions-lynching-us

    Prisoners in the U.S. in the 19th-century

    Prisoner totals by sex, estimated mainly from prisoner statistics in the decennial censuses. Includes prisoners in jails and houses of correction. Counts of prisoners in individual state prisons, mid-19th century.
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-19th-century

    Prisoners in the U.S. from 1850

    Prisoners (including jail inmates), prisoners per 100,000 population (imprisonment prevalence), and prisoner sex ratio in U.S., 1850-2010 (sex ratio from 1880). Based mainly on national census data, adjusted to consistently included unsentenced prisoners.
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-long-run-summary

    Prisoners by State and Sex, U.S. 1880-2010

    Panel data of prisoner counts by state, sex, and jurisdiction from decennial national censuses (from 1880) and yearly Bureau of Justice Statistics prisoner series (from 1977). With summary statistics for sex-ratio distributions across states.
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-state-sex-panel

    Prisoners in the U.S. from 1900

    Prisoners (including jail inmates) by sex in the U.S. from 1900, from decennial census prisoner data, adjusted for comparability, with additional Bureau of Justice Statistics yearly prisoner counts. Dataset sheets: summary: national prisoner totals (including jail inmates) by sex for decennial census years, with calculated sex ratios sex-race 2006: prisoners (including jail inmates) by sex […]
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-from-1900

    Prisoners in U.S. State and Federal Prisons, 1940

    Prisoners by sex and by state, reconciled across national Census of 1940 and Bureau of Justice Statistics' annual series of prisoners in state and federal prisons. Consistent treatment of juvenile delinquents makes the figures comparable.
    Dataset id: us-prisoners-fed-state-1940

    Prisoners Held for Drug Offense, US 1970-1997

    Prisoners by offense and by state and federal prisons from 1970 to 1997, with calculated drug offense prisoner shares. Doesn't encompass jails.
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-offenses-1970-1997

    U.S. Historical Population Statistics from 1790

    Population yearly and by sex from 1820; population by state 1790-2010; summary data from national population censuses, 1790-2010; population by age, race, and sex from 1950. Dataset sheets: yearly: total population yearly, 1820-2010 by sex: population by sex from 1820, yearly from 1900 by state {various sheets}: population by state 1790-2010 national censuses: total population […]
    Dataset id: population-us

    Punishment Prevalence Yearly by Sex in Australia from 1858

    Prisoners and executions yearly by sex in Australia from 1858, aggregated to punishment per 100,000 of population (punishment prevalence), with sex ratio of punishment and punishment distribution (% absent from execution and % from being in prison).
    Dataset id: punishment-prevalence-yearly-sex-australia-1858

    Executions Yearly by Sex in Australia from 1819

    Penal executions in Australia, by year, sex, and state/territory, 1819-1967. Compares statistics from Source Book of Australian criminal & social statistics to those compiled from the Schrepper-Clark list.
    Dataset id: executions-australia

    Prisoners Yearly by Sex in Australia from 1858

    Average daily number of prisoners in Australia yearly by from 1858, with subtotals for states and territories. Prisoner sex ratios, adjusted for population sex ratios, and prisoners per 100,000 of overall population.
    Dataset id: prisoners-australia

    Prisoners Worldwide by Jurisdiction and Sex, 2003 & 2010

    Adapted Walmsley Worldwide Prisoner Dataset of prisoners worldwide by jurisdiction and sex for 2003 and 2010, with summary statistics on the prisoner sex-ratio distribution, by region, income group, and relative to parliamentary sex ratios. With corresponding gender and development indicators.
    Dataset id: prisoners-world-2003-2010

    Change in Prisoner Sex Ratios Worldwide, 1977-2010

    Prisoner sex ratios across 45 national jurisdictions in 1977 and 2010, with additional, smaller comparisons for parliament members, police, prosecutors, judges, and prison staff.
    Dataset id: criminal-justice-world-sex-change

    International Criminal Justice Comparison about 1977

    Compilation of data from the Second United Nations Survey on Crime Trends (1975-1980), with international comparison of sex ratios for criminal justice system groups.
    Dataset id: criminal-justice-world-cts2-stats

    International Criminal Justice Comparison about 2003

    Compilation of data from the Ninth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends (2003-2004), with sex ratios of parliament members, police, prosecutors, judges, prison staff, and prisoners.
    Dataset id: criminal-justice-world-cts9

    International Criminal Justice Comparison about 2006

    Compilation of data from the Tenth United Nations Survey on Crime Trends (2005-2006), with sex ratios of parliament members, police, prosecutors, judges, prison staff, and prisoners.
    Dataset id: criminal-justice-world-cts10

    Prisoner and Judge Sex Ratios in U.S. by State, 2010

    Prisoners and judges by sex and by state in U.S. in 2010, with sex ratios. Judge counts are for judges serving on state courts of general jurisdiction, the courts of first impression for most criminal cases Dataset sheets: judges, prisoners: counts of judges and prisoners by sex and by state about 2010. The judge counts […]
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-judges-2010

    Punishing First-time Non-Condom Sex with Particular Partner

    The number of men having first-time sex with a particular partner, without using a condom, estimated for the U.S. about the year 2002. Estimate based on survey data, assumed parameters, and numerical calculations.
    Dataset id: punishment-reckless-sex

    Injuries by Sex and Cause, with Leading Causes, U.S. 2001 & 2010

    All injuries, injuries from violence, injuries from domestic violence, and injuries from intimate-partner violence, by sex of person injured, with leading causes of injury for women and men; non-fatal injuries based on NEISS and NHAMCS data on hospital emergency-department visits. Additional data on fatal injuries.
    Dataset id: victims-injuries-causes

    Intimate-Partner Violence by Sex: NCVS vs. NEISS

    Comparison of NCVS and NEISS estimates of intimate-partner violence, by sex U.S. about 2010, with analysis of NCVS-defined "serious" domestic violence and simple-assault shares in domestic violence by sex.
    Dataset id: victims-dv-ncvs

    Restraining Orders and Domestic Violence in the U.S.

    National estimates of domestic-violence restraining orders issued and active by type for the U.S. about 2008, accounting for restraining orders issued for civil petitions and restraining orders resulting from criminal proceedings. With U.S. national estimate of arrests for domestic violence.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-synth

    Jail Inmates’ Experiences of Restraining Orders, U.S. 2002

    Jail inmates under restraining order at commitment to jail, ever under restraining order, relational categories of persons who sought restraining orders, inmates committed to jail with violation of restraining order, and ever committed to jail with violation of restraining order.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-restraining-inmates

    Restraining Orders and Domestic Violence by U.S. States

    Restraining order statistics, along with statistics on arrests for domestic violence and attributes of incidents, with historical data where available, state-published data by U.S. states.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-states

    Restraining Orders and Domestic Violence in Alaska

    Petitions for intimate-partner restraining orders, by type and case disposition, domestic-violence assaults reported to Alaska State Troopers, by incident characteristics, and criminal justice system processing of domestic violence cases.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-ak

    Restraining Orders and Domestic Violence in California

    Domestic-violence-related justice system activity in California. Domestic violence calls to police, arrests for domestic violence, family law petitions, petitions for restraining orders, yearly from about 1990, with county-level data.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-ca

    Restraining Orders and Domestic Violence in Connecticut

    Restraining orders annually, 2009-2012, by ex parte or order after hearing; arrests for family violence annually by sex and by single / multiple arrests and as share of all arrests, characteristics of family violence arrests, inc. restraining order, weapon, and injury, domestic-violence deaths, including murder suicides.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-ct

    Restraining Orders and Domestic Violence in New York

    Estimated domestic-violence restraining orders in effect and issued in New York State in 2008, domestic-violence incidents known to police by police-identified-victim sex, arrests for domestic violence among other arrests for interpersonal violence, dual arrests by sex, attributes of incidents reported to police.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-ny

    Restraining Orders and Domestic Violence in Tennessee

    Restraining order petitions and domestic violence victims and offenders known to the police by sex, annually in Tennessee 2001-2012; data on domestic violence court cases in Shelby County in 2000-1.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-tn

    Case Processing: Domestic Violence vs. Non-Domestic Violence

    Comparison of defendants charged, share prosecuted, and case dispositions for domestic violence and non-domestic violence cases in the U.S., with statistics on case characteristics and disposition types.
    Dataset id: criminal-justice-dv-process

    Domestic Violence Among Arrests for All Violence in U.S.

    National estimate of all domestic violence (DV) arrests in the U.S. in 2010, based mainly in NIBRS data, with DV arrest share in arrests for violence. Data on domestic-violence incidents and incident characteristics associated with arrest, with additional data on violent arrest prevalence and assault arrest trends.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-arrests

    Arrests for Domestic Violence in New Jersey, 1983-2011

    Domestic violence offenses known to the New Jersey police and domestic violence arrests, annually 1983-2011, with data on arrests for subcategories of interpersonal violence and data on police-identified domestic-violence victim sex and relationship to offender.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-nj

    Domestic-Violence Homicides and Suicides

    Estimates of suicide death share and homicide-suicide death share for domestic violence fatalities, with calculation of attribution of suicides to domestic violence by sex, based on National Violent Death Reporting System, in U.S. about 2011. With data on family violence deaths in Connecticut and review of domestic violence fatality counts in official domestic-violence fatality reviews.
    Dataset id: victims-dv-homicide-suicide

    Domestic-Violence Law and Policy Trends, US 1976-1996

    Indices of domestic violence criminalization, US annually 1976-1997, covering domestic-violence restraining order law, police and prosecutor domestic-violence policies, and services for women victims of domestic violence.
    Dataset id: punishment-us-dv-policy-trend

    Prison Libraries Book Catalog Records, 1809-1877

    About 6300 prison library books (author title, year and prison library in which held, some data on price of books) from fifteen prison library book lists for U.S. prisons, 1809 to 1877, with subject/type classifications.
    Dataset id: libraries-prisons-books-before-1900

    ALA-Recommended Books for 2500-Book Prison Library in 1933

    Title counts and shares and total prices by Dewey book class for American Library Association (ALA) list of books recommended for prison libraries in 1933. Book price data for individual non-fiction volumes by Dewey class. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, U.S. correctional education experts formulated lists of recommended books for prison libraries. […]
    Dataset id: libraries-prisons-books-ala-1933

    Prison Libraries’ Book Holdings and Circulation, 1940-1980

    Prison library book holdings and circulation for individual U.S. state and federal prison libraries between 1940 and 1980, including data on prisoners in each reporting prison for calculating book holdings per prisoner and circulation per prisoner.
    Dataset id: libraries-prisons-1940-1980

    Prisoners’ Use of Media, US about 2003

    Time spent reading and time spent watching television per person, prisoners compared to the general population, U.S. about the year 2003. Media use frequency and types of information sources.
    Dataset id: prisoners-us-media-use

    Historical Prison Press Newspapers and Periodicals

    Prisoner-produced publications, by state, city, prison, publication name, year first known, year last known, with circulation data for prison press and leading publications.
    Dataset id: prisoners-press

    Tragic Competition in 5th-century Athens

    Names of tragic poets in 5th-century Athens, with counts of their tragic plays, span of their performance activity, and winning plays.
    Dataset id: athens-competition-plays

    Feature Films – Average Length & Tragedy Share

    Average length of feature films (movies) shown in U.S. and Canadian movie theaters from 1980 to about 2009. Revenue by genre, with estimate of revenue share of movies emotionally similar to fifth-century Athenian tragedies.
    Dataset id: feature-film-characteristics

    Feelings Count in Man of Feeling and Frankenstein

    Counts of word groups indicating different emotional dispositions in the early novels The Man of Feeling (1771) and Frankenstein (1818). Comparison of instances per thousand words in text.
    Dataset id: frankenstein-feelings-comparison