Australian Punishment Sex Ratio Parallels Prison Sex Ratio
Large swings in the twentieth-century prisoner sex ratio dominate any effects of the sex ratio of persons absent from being executed.
Notes
Prisoners Relative to Disabled, Poor, and Homeless
Prisoners had a better public position among the “defective, dependent, and delinquent classes” in late 19th-century America than they do today.
Imprisonment for Non-Payment of Fines in US
In 1910, non-payment of fines held 12% of prisoners (jail & prison) and generated jail commitments equal to 62% of persons committed to jail on sentence.
Women Offenders in U.S. Non-Governmental Institutions in 1910
About 12% of women criminal offenders were held in non-governmental institutions in the U.S. in 1910.
US Draft Evaders in Jail During World War I
Perhaps 19,000 men were held in U.S. jails in 1917 for refusing to fight in World War I.
Decline of Sentencing’s Importance for US Jail Populations
The prevalence of sentenced prisoners has decreased greatly since 1880. Less legally formal punishment has shifted from non-incarceration to incarceration.
Unsentenced Prisoners in US Censuses
The censuses of 1900 to 1930 did not included unsentenced prisoners in reporting on prisoners. Enumerators did, however, count unsentenced prisoners.
Lynchings Outnumbered Judicial Executions in South, 1882-1925
5057 persons were executed under judicial orders and 4497 persons were lynched in the US, 1882-1925.
Sex and Race in Official Execution Statistics
The formal history of official statistics on executions suggests lack of concern for men’s lives and anti-black prejudice.
The Sex Dimension of Felon Disenfranchisement
The democratic disenfranchisement of male felons goes communicatively deeper than felon disenfranchisement.